|
Year
|
Major Events in
Tibetan Buddhism
|
|
c200
C.E.
|
•
Buddhism begins to percolate into Tibetan region and teachings affect Bon
religion in kingdom of Shang-Shung (South Tibet).
|
|
3rd
century
|
•
Buddhist scriptures begin to reach early Tibetan Kingdoms (North Tibet) during reign of King Lhatotori Nyentsen.
|
|
641
|
• King
Songtsen Gampo unifies Tibet
and marries Chinese princess Wen Cheng and Nepalese Princess Bhrkuti who
bring Buddha images.
|
|
641-650
|
•
Construction of Potala
Palace, and Jokang
and Ramoche temples to house Buddha images.
|
|
773?
|
• King Trisong
Detsen (r.755-797) invites Shantarakshita to Tibet.
|
|
774
|
• King Trisong Detsen invites
Padmasambhava, yogin of Swat, to Tibet, and construction of
Samye begins (775).
|
|
c785
|
• Samye, Tibet's
first monastery, built by Trisong Detsen and Padmasambhava. • Great
Convocation, 3000 monks ordained. • Translating begins. • Padmasambhava
founds Nyingma order.
|
|
792
|
•
Exponents of Indian Buddhism prevail in debate with Chinese at Samye.
|
|
840
|
• Persecution of Tibetan Buddhism under King Lang Darma,
period of conflict and civil strife begins.
|
|
877
|
•
Destruction of Tibetan Dynasties. • Buddhism almost completely wiped out in
Tibet.
|
|
978
|
•
Commencement of second Buddhist period in Tibet. • Atisha (982-1054).
|
|
1038
|
• Atisha comes to Tibet and
founds the Kadampa school (which later becomes the Gelugpa order).
|
|
c1039
|
• Marpa the translator (1012-1099) founder of the Kargyu
school, travels to India,
studies under Naropa.
• Gampopa (1079-1153) is responsible for the actual founding of the Kagyu
school on the basis of Kadampa, later to be known as Gelugpa. Monastic
practice and education system, with the Tantric practices of Naropa, Marpa
and Milarepa.
|
|
1040
|
• Birth of Milarepa, 2nd hierarch of Kagyu order and a renowned
poet.
|
|
1055
|
• Birth
of Marchik Labdron (1055-1153)
founder of the Chod lineage, the main lineage founded by a woman.
|
|
1060
|
•
Founding of the Sakya Lineage by Brogmi (992-1072). • Gonchok Guelpo
(1034-1102) establishes the first monastery of the Sakya monastic order.
|
|
1247
|
• Sakya
Pandita submits to Godan Khan; beginning of the first priest/patron
relationship between a Tibetan Lama and a Mongol Khan.
|
|
1261
|
• Tibet is
reunited with Sakya Pandita, Grand Lama of Sakya, as king.
|
|
1350
|
• King Changchub Gyaltsen
defeats Sakya and founds a secular dynasty.
|
|
1409
|
• Ganden, first Gelug monastery, built by
monastic reformer Tsongkhapa (1357-1419).
|
|
1435-81
|
• In
prolonged warfare, Karmapa supporters gain control of royal court.
|
|
1578
|
•
Gelug-pa leader gets the title of Dalai ("Ocean") from Altan
Khan.
|
|
1642
|
•
Gushri Khan enthrones the 5th Dalai Lama as temporal ruler of Tibet.
|
|
1653
|
•
"Great Fifth" Dalai Lama meets Qing Emperor Shunzhi near Beijing.
|
|
1682
|
• Fifth
Dalai Lama dies; regent conceals death for the next 14 years.
|
|
1716-21
|
•
Italian Jesuit priest, Ippolito Desideri studies and teaches in Lhasa.
|
|
1717
|
•
Dzungar Mongols invade Tibet
and sack Lhasa.
• Fifth DL's tomb looted.
|
|
1720
|
•
Dzungars driven out, Qing (Chinese) forces install Kesang Gyatso as the 7th
Dalai Lama.
|
|
1721
|
• The
position of Amban is created by a 13-point Qing decree on Tibet.
29-point Qing decree prescribes "golden urn" lottery for picking
DL and PL, bans visits by non-Chinese, and increases Amban's powers.
|
|
1904
|
•
British troops under Colonel Younghusband enter Tibet
and occupy Lhasa.
|
|
1910-12
|
•
Chinese troops occupy Tibet,
shoot at unarmed crowds on entering Lhasa.
|
|
1911
|
• Bogh
Haan, the Urga "Living Buddha," proclaims Mongolia
independent.
|
|
1913
|
• 13th
Dalai Lama proclaims Tibet
a "religious and independent nation".
|
|
1924-25
|
•
Pressure from monks causes Dalai Lama to dismiss his British-trained
officers.
|
|
1933
|
• Truce
ends. China and Tibet
fighting; the 13th Dalai Lama dies at age 58.
|
|
1934
|
•
Reting Rimpoche named regent. • China
permitted to open Lhasa
mission.
|
|
1940
|
• The
five-year-old Tenzin Gyatso is enthroned as the 14th Dalai Lama.
|
|
1941
|
•
Unable to keep celibacy vow, Reting is replaced as regent by Taktra.
|
|
1945
|
• Newly
opened English-language school is closed after monks protest.
|
|
1950
|
• Red
China invades Tibet;
Tibetan army destroyed in battle at Chamdo.
|
|
1951
|
• 17-point agreement between China
and Tibet; Chinese
occupy Lhasa.
|
|
1956
|
•
Tibetans in Kham and Amdo (Qinghai)
begin revolt against Chinese ruler.
• Dalai Lama visits India
for 2,500th anniversary of the Buddha's birth.
|
|
1959
|
• Dalai Lama flees to India.
87,000 Tibetans die in anti-Chinese revolt.
|
|
1960
|
•
International Commission of Jurists: "acts of genocide [have] been
committed... to destroy the Tibetans as a religious group."
|
|
1963
|
• Dalai
Lama approves a democratic constitution for the Tibetan exile community.
|
|
1964
|
• The Panchen Lama is arrested after
calling for Tibetan independence.
|
|
1978
|
•
Visitors find only 8 temples left in TAR, down from 2,700 in 1959.
|
|
1979-80
|
• China
allows a series of three delegations from Dalai Lama to visit Tibet.
|
|
1989
|
• Dalai Lama receives the Nobel Peace Prize.
|
|
1995
|
• Dalai
Lama recognizes six-year-old Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as 11th Panchen Lama. China
denounces the Dalai Lama's choice.
|
|
1999
|
• The
Karmapa (Urgyen Trinley Dorje) flees Tibet to join the Dalai Lama in
exile.
|